The Medical Board

updated April 14, 2014.

Medical Board Appointments

The Ex-Officio Members were: The Principal Naval Medical Officer (represented by Senior Naval Medical Officer from 1897), the Principal Military Medical Officer [always an army doctor] (represented by Senior Military Medical Officer from 1897) and the Colonial Surgeon (styled as Principal Civil Medical Officer from 1897; Director of Medical and Sanitary Services from 1928 and Director of Medical Services from 1936).

N.B. Records from 1914 that I have consulted made no reference to in whose place a new member was appointed. I'll need some time to look for new information.

Year	Medical Practitioners	Community Representatives	Remarks
1884	William McKnight Hartigan (Honorary Secretary)	William Keswick (grandnephew of William Jardine, 9th Tai-pan of Jardine Matheson & Co.; LegCo.) Chairman Thomas Jackson (Chief Manager, HSBC) Henry Liston Dalrymple (merchant, partner in the trading firm of Birley, Dalrymple & Co.)	The first Board was appointed 1884/4/10. It is plainly apparent that HSBC representation completely dominated the Board: Keswich was HSBC Chairman 1880-81, so was Dalrymple 1882-83. Jackson was HSBC's Chief Manager, and Hartigan its company doctor. The older sister of Hartigan's wife had married Jackson.
1886	Hartigan Patrick Manson (vice Jackson, 8/12/1886)	Dalrymple John Bell-Irving (Jardine, Matheson & Co.; LegCo.; vice Keswick 8/12/1886)
1887	Hartigan Manson	Dalrymple Bell-Irving	James Cantlie (acting, vice Hartigan, aol 1887/11/30)
1890	Hartigan Ho Kai vice Manson 1890/3/28	Dalrymple Nathaniel Joseph Ede (Manager, Union Insurance Society of Canton) vice Bell-Irving 1890/3/28	[The Colonial Surgeon had assumed the chairmanship of the Board when the Jardine Tai-pan was no longer represented in the Board.] Ho Kai was the first Chinese appointed.
1893	ditto	ditto	Alexender Mitchell Cowie (acting, vice Hartigan, aol [n.d.])
1897	ditto	ditto	The position of Chairman was restyled President
1899	ditto	Dalrymple Edward Osborne  (Secretary, Hong Kong & Kowloon Wharf & Godown Co.; LegCo; later Mayor of Hythe, Kent) vice Ede 1899/1/18	Frederic Osmund Stedman (acting, vice Hartigan 1899/1/18)
1900	ditto	Osborne Angus McPherson Marshall vice Dalrymple, deceased, 1900/5/4
1901	ditto	Edward Osborne Charles Stewart Sharp (merchant, Gibb, Livingston & Co.; Chairman, HKGCC; LegCo; ExCo.) vice Marshall, resigned, 1901/5/1
1902	Ho Kai Frederic O. Stedman (vice Hartigan, resigned 1902/7/26; Secretary)	ditto
1904	Ho Kai Alexander Rennie (vice Stedman, resigned 1904/11/2; Secretary)	Gershom Stewart (vice Osborne 1904/2/29)(bill borker; LegCo) Edbert Ansger Hewett (vice Sharp 1904/4/29)(P. & O. Steam Navigation Co.; LegCo)
1905	Ho Kai Frederic O. Stedman (vice Rennie, resigned 1905/12/6; Secretary)	ditto	Henry Adolphus Warre Slade (acting, vice Hewett, aol, 1905/3/28)(merchant, Gilman & Co.)
1908	ditto	Edbert A. Hewett Murray Stewart (vice Gershom Stewart 1908/7/22)(Stewart Bros.; LegCo)	Henry A.W. Slade (acting, vice Hewett, aol, 1909/3/12) Murray Stewart was the last appointed community representative who sat on the Legislative Council.
1909	ditto	ditto	George Montague Harston (acting, vice Stedman 1909/4/6) Gideon Balloch (acting, vice Slade, aol, 1909/10/25)(merchant, Gilman & Co.)
1911	ditto	Edbert A. Hewett Murray Stewart Walter Leslie Pattenden (vice Murray Stewart 1911/6/20)(merchant, Gilman & Co.)
1912	ditto	ditto	Gerard Hall Lloyd Fitzwilliams (acting, vice Hewett, aol 1912/5/11) George M. Harston (vice Stedman, aol, 1912/6/1)
1913	ditto	ditto	George Ernest Aubrey (acting, vice Stewart, aol, 1913/1/24)
1914	Frederic O. Stedman Stanley Hudson Dodwell (vice Ho Kai, deceased 1914/11/16)	ditto
1915	ditto	Walter L. Pattenden Herbert William Looker (vice Hewett, deceased 1915/12/10)(Partner, Deacon, Looker & Deacon, Solicitors)
1916	Frederic O. Stedman George E. Aubrey?? (1916/11/28)	ditto
1917	George E. Aubrey Oswald Marriott (vice Stedman 1917/10/15) Kenelm Hutchison Digby (vice Pattenden 1917/10/12)	Herbert W. Looker	Oswald Marriott (acting, vice Stedman, aol, 1917/4/27) Herbert Johnson Gedge (acting, vice Looker, aol 1917/6/5)(Partner, Johnson, Stokes & Master, Solicitors) Stuart Seguin Strahan (acting, vice [s.n.] 1917/11/22)??
1918	Kenelm Hutchison Digby Robert Maclean Gibson (vice Aubrey 1918/1/30) Daisy Annabela Murdoch Gales (vice Marriott 1918/1/30)	ditto	James Herbert Sanders (acting ,vice Gibson 1918/5/27) Herbert Gastineau Earle (acting, vice Digby 1918/12/19) Gales was the first woman appointed
1919	Kenelm H. Digby Alice Deborah Hickling (vice Gales, resigned 1919/2/26)	Herbert J. Gedge (vice Looker, resigned 1918/12/23)	George Harold Thomas (acting, vice Sanders 1919/2/9)
1920	Kenelm H. Digby Stuat S. Strahan (from 1918 or 1917)??	Charles Alexander Hooper (vice Gedge, resigned 1920/5/6)(solicitor; rugby player, the Barbarians)
1921	Kenelm H. Digby Alice D. Hickling James Cyril Dalmahoy Allan (vice Strahan 1921/3/24) Woo Tin-po (1921/10/28)??		Oswald Mariott (1921/10/28)??
1923	digby /allan / woo George Duncan Ralph Black (1923/3/1)	Daniel John Lewis (1923/4/7)	Herbert G. Earle (acting, vice Digby, aol 1923/5/11)
1924	digby/allan (3 more years) /woo (3 more years)
1926	digby / black / Stragan (1926/9/14) woo	George Gwinnett Noble Tinson (1926/4/7)(Partner, Johnson, Stokes & Master, Solicitors)
1927	black woo (3 more years)	ditto	Hermann Balean (acting, vice Black 1927/10/25)
1929	woo black (3 more years) strahan (3 more years) digby (3 more years)	ditto (3 more year)
1930	Tseung Fat-im (3 years)
1931	digby Strahan Black Tseung Fat-im	Maurice Murray Watson (Honorary Secretary)
1932	digby Strahan James William Anderson Tseung Fat-im	ditto
1933	digby Li Shu-fan John Cecil Macgown Tsuen Fat-im	ditto
1934	digby Li Shu-fan James William Anderson Tseung Fat-im	ditto
1935	Black William Innes Gerrard Tseung Fat-im Li Shu-fan	ditto
1936	Black William Innes Gerrard Chau Sik-nin	ditto
1937	George D.R. Black Chau Sik-nin Li Shu-fan (vice Gerrard)	ditto	Herman Balean (acting, vice Black, aol 1937/4/30)
1938	Herman Balean (vice Black 1938/3/17) Li Shu-fan Chau Sik-nin	Donald Brittan Evans (1938/3/5)
1939	Herman Balean Chau Sik-nin Chau Wai-cheung (vice Li Shu-fan 1939/4/5)	Maurice M. Watson (1939/3/29)
1940	Herman Balean Chau Wai-cheung Chau Sik-nin Lewis Rudall Shore (January 19, 1940)	Maurice M. Watson

- TO BE COMPLETED -

Letter From Sun Yat-Sen To James and Mabel Cantlie Announcing His Presidency (2/25/1912)

Updated February 26, 2014


Republic of China
The President's Office

Nanking, January 21st/1912.

My Dear Dr. and Mrs. Cantlie,

It will be your pleasure to hear from me that I have assumed the Presidency of the Provisional Government in China, which I accepted with disinterested fervour in order to render myself an instrumentality to rescue China with its four hundred million population from environment of impending perils and dishonour. I ought to have written you much earlier, but something or other always prevented ,e from doing so, having been kept exceedingly busy since I arrived here and especially so since I occupied my present post, as you may well imagine and fairly forgive. It makes me feel more grateful to you when from the present position I look back on my past of hardships and strenuous toll, and think of your kindness shown me all the while that I can never nor will forget. I can say so far that the state of things here in Nanking is improving rapidly with a well founded prospects of future promise. I may not write you as often as I wish, but you may learn from the news-papers what I am doing from time to time. Kindly convey my best compliments to all my friends in London whom you know and happen to meet, and oblige.

With best wishes and kind regards, I remain
Yours very sincerely,
(Sgd.) Sun Yat Sen

Selected bibliography: Wellcome Library.

Licentiate in Medicine and Surgery of Hong Kong

updated March 14, 2014.

Opened in 1887, the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese was absorbed into the University of Hong Kong in 1912, thereby ending its historical role as Hong Kong's first medical school as well as post-secondary education institute. Students who joined the College prior to March 1910 were entitled to continue their studies at HKU and upon passing the necessary examinations received LMSHK (Licentiate in Medicine and Surgery of Hong Kong) certificates issued by HKU, on behalf of the College. The lasts were awarded in 1915. During the 25 years of its existence, the College had admitted 128 students, resulting in 51 licentiates. [I was able to identify 43 of them and look forward to finding the remaining eight (3/14/2014).]

Selected bibliography: Minutes of the Proceedings of the Legislative Council, December 21, 1911.

The Roll

1. 1892
1. Kong Ying-wah 江英華
2. Sun Yat-sen 孫中山
3. 1893
3. Kwan King-leung 關景良, aka. Kwan Sum-yin 關心焉
4. 1895
4. Lau Sei-fuk 劉四福
5. U I-kai 胡爾楷
6. Wong Chak-man 王澤民
7. Wong I-ek 黃怡益
8. Wong Sai-yan 黃細恩
9. 1899
9. Ho Nai-hop 何乃合
10. To Ying-fan 杜應勳, aka. Coxion To 杜國臣
11. 1902
11. Chan Fai-kwong
12. Ho Ko-tsun 何高俊
13. Lau Lai 劉禮
14. Lee Yin-sze 李賢士
15. Tee Han-kee 鄭漢淇, aka. Jose Teehankee
16. 1905
16. Au Sz-cham 區斯湛
17. Eugene L. de Sousa
18. Lee Ying-yau 李應猷
19. Ma Luk 馬祿臣
20. To Ying-kwan 杜應坤
21. 1906
21. Chan Hin-fan 陳衍芬
22. 1907
22. Chung Yik-sun 鍾奕順
23. Ho Nai-tsun 何乃全
24. Kwan King-hung 關景亨
25. Lee Ho-ching 李可楨
26. 1908
26. Chan Tsun-kon 陳俊幹
27. Leung Chik-fan 梁植芬
28. Li Shu-fan 李樹芬
29. C.Y. Wang 王寵益
30. 1909
30. Lam Tsui-fung 林子峰
31. 1910
31. Lam Yun-hae 林閏羲
32. Wong Gat-man 王吉民
33. 1912
33. Filomeno Maria Graca Ozorio
34. George Harold Thomas 譚嘉士
35. Wong Pak-fu 黄伯符
36. 1913
36. Chan Shui-yee 陳瑞儀
37. Im U-lun 嚴汝麟
38. 1914
38. Lee Fung-joe 李奉藻
39. 1915
39. Alfred Stanley Tuxford
40. Year of Graduation Unknown
40. Lai Tsui-lan 黎敘蘭
41. Pala Dora Raj Naidu
42. Leon Tillinger
43. Peter Quincey Wong
44. Students Transferred to HKU 1912
44. Chak Chiu-hang 翟朝亨
45. Attended HKCMC [Unknown Whether Or Not Graduated, Further Research In Progress]
45. Chan Kun-shing 陳觀聖 - Public Vaccinator January 7, 1897. Apothecary's Assistant, Government Civil Hospital July 22, 1897 - December 31, 1898, resigned.
    Selected bibliography: Civil Establishments of Hong Kong for the Year 1898, p.68. Hong Kong Government, Report of the Principal Civil Medical Officer for the Year 1899. The Hong Kong Government Gazette, January 9, 1897, #8.
46. Fung Chi-ming - One of the six students engaged by the Sanitary Board in 1899 to undergo house-to-house visitation when once again Hong Kong was infected by the Bubonic Plague; the students were later, in June [h.a.], appointed Officers of the Sanitary Board to facilitate their roles; the six were Lee Yin-sze 李賢士, Fung Chi-ming, Chan Fai-kwong, Tse Han-ki (probably was Tee Han-kee 鄭漢淇), Lau Lai 劉禮 and Kwong Ngai-leung 鄺毅良. One of the two senior students appointed Government Bacteriological Assistants February 1, 1903, for eight months, the other student was Peter Quincey.
    Selected bibliography: Hong Kong Government, Report of the Government Bacteriologist of the Year 1903. Minutes of the Proceedings of the Sanitary Board, June 7, 1899.
47. Kwong Ngai-leung 鄺毅良 - Public Vaccinator January 7, 1897. Officer of the Sanitary Board June 1899 [see Fung Chi-ming above].
    Selected bibliography: The Hong Kong Government Gazette, January 9, 1897, #8.
48. Lam Tsz-ying - when student, Public Vaccinator July 20, 1906.
    Selected bibliography: The Hong Kong Government Gazette, July 20, 1906, #611; April 3, 1908, #226.
49. Li King-sum 李鏡心 - when senior student, Public Vaccinator January 11, 1897.
    Selected bibliography: The Hong Kong Government Gazette, January 16, 1897, #14.
50. Ling Hai - when student, Public Vaccinator April 25, 1907.
    Selected bibliography: The Hong Kong Government Gazette, April 26, 1907, #299; April 3, 1908, #226.
51. Tang King-fai - when senior student, Public Vaccinator October 17, 1898.
    Selected bibliography: The Hong Kong Government Gazette, October 22, 1898, #477.
52. Wan Ho-lok 溫可樂 -  Matriculated 1905
53. Wong Gau-gou 王九皋
54. Wong Yi-nok 王以諾

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1. Matriculated At HKCMC, But Did Not Graduate
1. Chan Siu-pak 陳少白 - Matriculated 1890, left 1892 (see story below)
2. Wang Chung-hing 王寵慶 - Matriculated 1901; left 1902 to study at Edinburgh Univ.

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Chan Siu-pak

Diehard Follower Who Quitted School

Chan Siu-pak 陳少白 (b.1869 Kong-Moon (Jiangmen), Canton 廣東省江門市 - d.1934 Peking) was the first student to matriculate at the Canton Christian College 格致書院 (a Christian school founded by American evangelists Andrew P. Happer and Benjamin C. Henry, which was the forerunner of Lingnan University 嶺南大學). He was introduced to Sun Yat-sen by Au Fung-chi 區鳳墀 (father-in-law of Wan Tun-mo 尹端模); the two became the closest of friends instantaneously. At Sun's recommendation, Chan matriculated at HKCMC in January 1890, but quitted school two years later upon Sun's graduation from the medical college in order to stay close to the young visionary and soon to be revolutionist he so much admired. He became Sun’s most trusted lieutenant in the republic movement. Chan was the founder of 中國日報 (Chung-kuo Yatpo, the English name of the newspaper was plainly "Chinese") in Hong Kong (October 1900), a Chinese language newspaper that functioned as a mouthpiece for the revolutionists. #92-94 Hollywood Road was given as the address of the newspaper. Chan was a member of the HKU endowment fund sub-committee 1909 and was affiliated to the Chinese Commercial Union. Chan belonged to no less than two secret societies, namely Triad 三合會 and Gelaohui 哥老會. He joined the Triad in 1899 and soon became its "consigliere". In the same year he become a member of Gelaohui and was made "Don" for the Hong Kong chapter almost immediately. When Sun was installed ROC's Provisional President, Chan became his Chief of Staff (May 1921 - June 1922). Other important positions Chan had held in the ROC government included Inspector-General of the Central Bank 國立中華國民銀行 to which he was appointed in January 1922. He relinquished all public offices after 1922.

temp. notes:
http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0TLxAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA42&lpg=PA42&dq=graduate+hong+kong+college+of+medicine+for+chinese+1908&source=bl&ots=xNmKss5qXF&sig=8iK7XXj7VrslF1Rvk_QPK2jxEx0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=DIK9UpjnHuH-iAeJ84DYDg&ved=0CCwQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=graduate%20hong%20kong%20college%20of%20medicine%20for%20chinese%201908&f=false p.42

Random Snippets

updated December 16, 2013.

Two doctors, in addition to their medical profession, were qualified barristers. They were, namely: John Pope-Hennessy 軒尼詩 (MD, Queen’s Univ., Belfast; barrister, Inner Temple) and Ho Kai 何啟 (MBCM, Aberdeen Univ. 1879; barrister, Linclon's Inn). Neither of them practiced medicine in Hong Kong, Pope-Henessy was the 8th Colonial Governor of Hong Kong (1877-83). Ho found no market in the city: Chinese wanted nothing to do with Western medicine; Westerners wanted no Chinese doctor, Aberdeen graduated notwithstanding.

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Nine Colonial Surgeons were appointed during the first 42 months following the establishment of Hong Kong. Out of the nine, four had died in office, they were: Francis Dill (1844-d.1846); William Morrison (1847-d.1853); William Aurelius Harland (1857-d.1858); Robert W. McCoy (1873-d.[h.a.]).

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76 dentists (registered dental surgeons and exempted persons) existed in Hong Kong between 1841 and 1941. Clearly, there were a much greater number of dental technicians operating in the city, some might have performed dental medical or surgical works outside of the law. Out of these 76, no less than one third were American trained including ten graduates of the Pennsylvania Univ.

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Chaun Moon-hung 周夢熊 was the first Chinese dental surgeon to practice in Hong Kong (1901).

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Doctor-nurse matrimony: John Milford Atkinson (Principal Civil Medical Officer; Chairman, Sanitary Board) and Eastmond Clara (matron, Government Civil Hospital; Hong Kong's first European matron; formerly London Hospital, recruited by Atkinson), St. Johns Cathedral, Hong Kong August 4, 1898. George Duncan Ralph Black (private practitioner; HKU lecturer; Principal Medical Officer, HKVDC) and Anne Lilian Black (HKVCD, Nursing Detachment). Philip Francis Shelsley Court (Government Medical Officer and HKU lecturer) and [s.n.];

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Li Hung Chang 李鴻章 was the Honorary Patron of the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese from 1889 till he died in 1901. Read his acceptance letter.

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Loo Ngan-sin, Nancy 盧雁仙 was Hong Kong's first woman registered dental surgeon as well as the first woman holder of DDS to practice in Hong Kong (1934).

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Herbert Poate was the first dental surgeon to practice in Hong Kong (1885).

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Pun U-tung 潘耀東 was the longest-practicing dentist, 42 years (1898-1940).

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Hilmar Florenz Sommers was the longest serving member of the Dental Board, 15 years, consecutively (1926-40). He was a holder of Certificate of Exemption, meaning he was not even qualified (deemed by the Dental Board) to register as a dental practitioner.

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Tam Ha-fong 譚霞舫 [probably] was Hong Kong's first woman registered dental practitioner (1914).

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Wong Min-sam, Bit 黄民三 was the only dentist in Hong Kong who had two scholarships established in his honor (1986, 2007).

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Government Civil Hospital 政府公立醫院

updated October 15, 2013.

Hong Kong's First Government Hospital (1849-1937), also known as 皇家醫館 (Royal Medical Center); 國家醫院 (National Hospital) in Chinese.

Despite the repeated appeals by Alex Anderson, the first Colonial Surgeon (1843- 1844), for a colonial hospital, the first government hospital would not appear until around 1849. The hospital was housed in a poorly constructed-and-maintained two-storied bungalow and was destroyed by a typhoon in the evening of  September 22, 1874. The patients were immediately transferred to the Lock Hospital. Meanwhile the government hired a building which was formerly a hotel named Hotel d'Europe in Hollywood Road, adjoining the Central Police Barracks for use as a hospital. The hospital moved in and start running on November 13, 1874. In the first year of operation, 195 cases were treated and there were 18 deaths.

John Ivoy Murray, the Colonial Surgeon (1859-1869) wrote, in his 1860 report, " The hospital system has always appeared to me very inadequate to the population. In fact it may be broadly stated that there is no hospital for Chinese, who form such a vast majority of our population." At that time, most of the patients who were admitted to the Government Civil Hospital were Europeans, Chinese civil servants and members of the police force. Very few indigenous people were admitted. It may be said that traditional beliefs in Chinese medicine deterred the Chinese community from accepting Western medical treatment. (Not a very valid argument, ... The Medical Missionary Society Hospital in its first year of operation (1843) treated 3,348 outpatients and 556 inpatients – almost all of them were Chinese.) The true reason was probably that Chinese could not afford the hospital charges, or that, as one resource reveals during my research, Chinese from the populace were not admitted until 1864, fifteen years after the Hospital's establishment.

The hospital was among the more than 300 houses burnt down at the Great Fire of Hong Kong on Boxing Day 1878. Miraculously, nobody was seriously injured in the fire. The Hospital took over the premises of the old Lock Hospital for its operation and when the new Lock Hospital was completed in 1879, it became the new Government Civil Hospital. It was built on Hospital Road and contained four blocks. It was properly designed and equipped with wards that accommodated 225 beds. A handbook of Hong Kong in 1908 stated "The Civil Hospital is one of the most worthy institutions under the control of the Government.” From then on, the Government Civil Hospital was the main medical institution in Hong Kong functioned continually until 1937, when Queen Mary Hospital opened. The old buildings then became an infectious disease hospital known as Sai Ying Pun Hospital 西營槃醫院 and were eventually demolished and replaced on the same site by Prince Philip Dental Hospital in 1981.

The Dental Department

A Dental Department was opened on July 4, 1917, attended three days in a week  by two private practitioners, namely: Frederick Howard Kew and Mehdy Edward Asger. The opening days were reduced to two days from 1918. When both Kew and Asger were away from Hong Kong from July till end of 1919, the department was closed but it was again opened from January 1920. The Medical Report from 1922 onward no longer carried any introductions of the status of the Dental Department. It is unclear whether it was decided to exclude that information in the reports or the department no longer existed after 1921.

Chronology

1849    Opened.

1874    Hospital building destroyed by typhoon.

1878    Hospital building burnt down in the Great Fire of Hong Kong.

1910    Recognized by Central Midwives Board of England as training school for their certificate.
1917    Dental Department opened

1936    The year preceding its final closure: it had 246 beds (including 100 under the control of HKU) which had accommodated 5,875 inpatients including 1,290 who underwent major operations. 103,266 outpatients were treated in the year including 167 dog-bite cases. [Only God knows why dog-bit cases are highlighted in the Medical and Sanitary Report.]

1937    Closed on April 13, 1937 [or June 30, 1937].

A Succession List of the Superintendents of the Government Civil Hospital

John Ivor Murray

Wong Fun, December 15, 1860 - May 1861 (acting)

[s.n.] Ainslie, - September 1861, resigned

Charles M. Scott, October 2, 1861 - September, 1862, resigned

John Roche Rice, October 1, 1862 - March 1864

John Dollman March 11, 1864 - June [h.a.]

John Alexander Yule, June 21, 1864 - November [h.a.]

John Dollman, November 22, 1864

Richard Young, February 24, 1871 - September 1872

F.E. Scanlan, September 6, 1872 (acting)

J.B. Drew November 15, 1872 (acting)

Charles John Wharry, February 22, 1873 - 1887, retired

Alexander von der Horck, June 1, - December 18, 1878 (acting)

Lourenço Pereira Marques, August 13, 1880 (Assistant)

J. Murray, July 26, 1881 (acting)

James Stockwell, March 11 - September 28, 1882 (acting)

Arthur J. Wharry, 1883 (acting)

[s.n.] Pike, 1885 (acting)

Henry Neville Thompson, 1885 (acting)

Michael Thomas Yarr, May 14, 1887 - November 1, 1887 (acting)

Henry Neville Thompson, November 1-17, 1887 (acting)

John Mifford Atkinson, November 17, 1887 - 1894

James Alfred Lowson, 1893 (acting); May 19, 1894, Acting Assistant Superintendent [A conflicting record shows that Lowson was Assistant Superintendent from 1889 to March 1894.]

John Bell, 1896 (acting); Assistant Superintendent, 1899

John Bell, 1903 - December 23, 1914, retired on pension

Wilfred Vincent Miller Koch, March 24 - April 5, 1906, December 7, [h.a.] (acting)

Thomson, September 7 - December 7, 1906 (acting)

Wilfred Vincent Miller Koch December 23, 1914 - September 1917, retired

Charles William McKenny, September 1917 - 1920

Douglas James Valentine, March 11, 1920 (acting)

William Brownlow Ashe Moore, May 4, 1920 [1]

Charles William McKenny, February 9, 1922 (acting)

Charles William McKenny, 1923

Douglas James Valentine, February 25, 1925 (acting)

Douglas James Valentine, 1926 - May 6, 1928, left Hong Kong

Charles William McKenny, July 20 - October 10, 1926 (acting)

Thomas Walter Ware, 1929

Isaac Newton [no joke], 1930 - September 1932

John Edward Dovey, September 1932 - February 8, 1934

Douglas James Valentine, February 8, 1934 - January 29, 1935

Leonard Duncan Pringle, January 29 - April 3, 1935

Isaac Newton, April 3, 1935 - February 14, 1936

Kenneth Harrison Uttley, February 14 - October 14, 1936

Isaac Newton, October 14, 1936

[1] Name of office became Medical Officer In-Charge henceforth.

Selected bibliography: Evans, Dafydd Emrys (Ed.), Constancy of Purpose, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1987. Hong Kong Government, Report of the Colonial Surgeon for the Year 1874; 1893; 1894. Hong Kong Government, Report of the Medical Department for the Year 1901; 1922; 1923; 1928. Hong Kong Government, Medical and Sanitary Reports for the Year 1917 through 1935. Hong Kong Government, Report of the Principal Medical Officer for the Year 1898. The Hong Kong Government Gazette June 4, 1859, Advertisement; December 22, 1860, Notice #143; October 5, 1861, Notice #106October 4, 1862, Notice #100; June 25, 1864, Notice #105; November 26, 1864, Notice #170; March 11, 1864, Notice #48; September 7, 1872, Notice #171; November 16, 1872, Notice #217; Februayr 22, 1873, Notice #29; November 21, 1874; June 1, 1878, Notice #120; December 21, 1878, Notice #248; August 14, 1880, Notice #193; July 30, 1881, Notice #263; March 11, 1882, Notice #99; October 7, 1882, Notice #389; November 19, 1887, Notice # 484; May 14, 1887, Notice #196; January 14, 1910, Notice #23; December 18, 1914, Notice #508.

Li Hung Chang Letter Accepting Invitation to be Patron of the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese (1889)

updated October 5, 2013

(English translation)

To the Authorities of the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese:

Gentlemen,—I am in receipt of your letter informing me that I have had the honor of being elected Patron of your College. I also thank you for your desire to perpetuate my name on your College walls.

I wish every success to your benevolent design. I learn that there are between 20 and 30 students in the College studying medicine, and consider it most proper that they should also pay attention to the sister subject of chemistry and understand how to compound and how to analyze, thus ensuring greater accuracy in the diagnosis of disease and the preparation of remedies.

I remark that your countrymen devote themselves to practical research and base their scientific principles on the results of investigations, thus differing from those who rest content with theories.

The happy results which ever attend the treatment of disease on scientific principles are evidence of the advantage to be derived from the constant study of anatomy and chemistry and the consequent illumination of the dark path of knowledge.

There is no doubt that when your admirable project is achieved it will be appreciated and imitated, and that it will, through your students, be a blessing to China.

Trusting that you will prosecute your scheme with unflagging energy, and wishing you my compliments,

I subscribe myself on the accompanying card,

(Sgd.) Li Hung Chang. (Li Hongzhang)

[The above letter was read by James Cantlie, Dean, at the meeting of the College Senate held on October 12, 1889. Li’s patronage was procured by Patrick Manson, co-founder of the College. In 1887 Dr. Manson visited Li who was said to be suffering from cancer of the tongue. Luckily it was only a sublingual abscess, which was successfully opened.]

[Li remained Patron of HKCMC until his death in 1901. HKCMC was absorbed into the University of Hong Kong in 1912, and finally closed in 1915. During the twenty eight years of its existence, the college had admitted 128 students, resulting in 51 licentiates. Exactly how many actually practiced in Hong Kong is unknown.]

[I remember reading the text of the original letter in Chinese about two ~ three years ago, I can no longer remember where from. This is a good lesson why bibliography is important. Likewise, I took  note of the name of the person who had the letter translated into the above English text, I've no idea where I put the note... (10/5/2013)]

Selected bibliography: The British Medical Journal, December 7, 1889, p.1313.

Petition of 23 Medical Practitioners Urging the Government to Regulate the Medical Profession (5/3/1882)

updated October 5, 2013.

To His Excellency, William Henry Marsh, CMG, Administrator of the Colony of Hong Kong, etc., etc., etc.

The humble Petition of the undersigned Medical Practitioners practicing in the Colony of Hong Kong.

Sheweth,

That it is expedient that persons requiring Medical Aid should be enabled to distinguished qualified from unqualified Practitioners.

That at the present time there is no Law defining or regulating the persons entitled to practice medicine in this Colony, except such as was in force in England at the time of the assumption of this Colony by Her Majesty.

That your Petitioners think it desirable in the interest of the persons residing in this Colony that the laws regulating the qualifications of Practitioners in Medicine and Surgery as at present in force in England, or such portion thereof as are applicable and with such modifications as may be deemed fit, should be extended to this Colony, or that an Ordinance for such purpose containing the necessary regulations be passed.

Your Petitioners therefore humbly pray that Your Excellency will be pleased to give a favorable consideration to this Petition.

Dated the 3rd day of May, 1882

And your Petitioners will ever pray, etc.

Ph. B.C. Ayres, LRCP (Edin), MRCS, etc. [1]
W.S. Adams, MD, CM [1]
R.A. O'Brien, MD per W.H.
William Hartigan, MCPI, LRCSI [1]
Carl Clouth, MD
C. Gerlach, MD [1]
Ho Kai, MB, CM, MRCS (Eng.), etc.
W.A. Thomson, MB, LRCS (Edin.), Deputy Surgeon-General AMD
R. Hungerford, LRCP, Brigade Surgeon
Arthur B. Cottell, Surgeon AMD
Sam[ ] H. Crick, MB, MS, MRCS (Eng.), LS (Lond.), Surgeon AMD
W.O. Wolseley, LRCSI, LR & OCRSLM, Surgeon AMD
W. London Gordon, MD, Deputy Inspector-General RN
Robert Bentham, LRCP&S (Edin.), Surgeon RN
Arthur W. Russell, LRCST, LK & QCPT, LM, Surgeon RN
James Stockwell, LRCP (Eng.), LRCS (Eng.) [1]
R. Young, FRCS (Eng.)
A.S. Gomes, MD, MRCS (Eng.), LRCP (Eng.), LFP&S (Glas.), etc., etc. [1]
L. Pereira Marques, MK, QCPI, LRCS
W. Lockhard, MD [1]
William Young, MD, CM, MRP&S (Quebec) [1]
E.M. Alvares, LRCP (Edin.), LFPS (Glas.)
J.A. Andrews, MD

[One of the doctors participated in the discussions of defining and regulating medical persons entitled to practice in Hong Kong, J.C. Fisher, declined to sign the Petition. Here are his grounds:

I must decline to sign this Petition for the following reasons:

1stly. - The introduction of the British Medical Acts operate very unfairly against Medical men who have had no opportunity of obtaining the legal qualifications required by the Acts.

2ndly. - No proper Medical Council could be formed in the Colony to supervise the working of these Acts, and to take care that they would be carried out fairly and without prejudice. This body is the great protection to medical men in England.

3rdly. - I am of the opinion that the introduction of these Acts cannot be shewn to be necessary to the protection of the public in this Colony.

J.C. Fisher, MD
Hong Kong, April 21, 1882.

John Charles Fish, from the United States, was permitted to continue his practice in Hong Kong without having to registered when the Medical Registration Ordinance was enacted on April 5, 1884.]

[1] Doctors registered with the government to practice in Hong Kong on May 3, 1884.

Selected bibliography: The Hong Kong Government Gazette, June 9, 1883, Notice #202.

Medical Chiefs

updated April 10, 2014.

Heads of the Government Medical / Health Department: A Succession List

1841-1897 Colonial Surgeon 皇家醫生

		Henry Holgate (acting[1] August 1841)
		Charles A. Winchester (Assistant Surgeon[1] 1842
Alexander Anderson	1842/10/1–1844
Francis Dill	1844-1846/10	died in office
Peter F. H. Young	1846/10-1847
William Morrison	1847-1853	died in office
James Carroll Dempster	1854/5/1-1857	reassigned to India; Edward Menzies (acting, vice Dempster 1857/11/16-1858)
William Aurelius Harland	1858/6/14–1858	died in office; Thomas Andrews Chaldecott (acting, 1858/9/23-1859)
John Ivor Murray 未士孖利	1859/4/12–1873	[s.n.] Ainslie (acting, aol, 1860/12/15–1861/5/8; [s.n.] O'Brien (acting, aol, 1867/2/6- ); George Dods (acting, aol, 1871/1/19- )
Robert W. McCoy	1873/1/14 –1873	died in office; George Dods (acting, 1873/4/10–1873/11/3)
Philip Bernard Chenery Ayres	1873/11/4–1897	Charles John Wharry (acting, aol, 1875/6/25- ); John Mitford Atkinson (acting, aol, 1895- ; 1897/4/30- ) John Christoper Thomson (Assistant Colonial Surgeon 1897)

1897-1928 Principal Civil Medical Officer 首席民事醫務官

John Mitford Atkinson	1897/7/1-1912	James Alfred Lowson (acting, aol, 1898/8/5- ; 1900/3/29- ); John Bell (acting, aol, 1898/9/21- ; sick leave, 1900/8/3- ; aol, 1909/5/4- ; aol, 1910/3/1; aol, 1912/3/21- ); Francis William Clark (acting, 1905/3/16- )
John Taylor Connell Johnson	1913/1/15-1923	Harold Macfarlane (acting, aol, 1919/1/24); Charles William McKenny (acting, aol, 1919/2/8- ;  aol, 1923/7/7- )
Joseph Bartlett Addison	1924/3/1- 1928/4/9	William Brownlow Ashe Moore (acting, aol, 1925/12/26- ; aol, 1926/12/29- ; 1928/1/6- ); James Thornton Smalley (acting, 1927/11/8)

1928-1936 Director of Medical and Sanitary Services 醫務衛生總監

		William Brownlow Ashe Moore (acting[1] 1928/4/10- ) James Thornton Smalley (Deputy Director of Medical and Sanitary Services 1928/4/10- )
Arthur Robartes Wellington	1929/2/4-1936	William Brownlow Ashe Moore (Deputy Director of Medical and Sanitary Services 1929/2/1- ) William Brownlow Ashe Moore (acting, 1931/4/11-4/22; 1933/3/22-4/11; 1934/9/26-11/2; 1935/1/29-10/25; 1936/1/11-2/3) Douglas James Valentine (acting Deputy Director, 1931/4/22-1932/1/1; 1932/3/15-1933/1/12; 1933/3/23-4/11; 1935/1/29-10/25; 1935/11/25- ; 1935/12/21- ; 1936/1/11-2/3; 1936/2/22- ; acting Director 1931/10/29-1932/1/1)

1936-1941 Director of Medical Services 醫務總監

Arthur Robartes Wellington	1936-1938	Douglas James Valentine (Deputy Director 1936/10/21- ) Douglas James Valentine (acting, 1937/6/11-7/21; 1937/8/17- ) James Thornton Smalley (acting Deputy Director 1937/6/11-7/21; 1937/8/17- ; acting Director 1937/7/21-8/17)
Percy Selwyn Selwyn-Clarke 司徒永覺	1938/1/28-1941	Douglas James Valentine (Deputy Director 1937/3/4- acting 1938/3/19-1938/12/8) James Thornton Smalley (acting Deputy Director 1938/3/19-11/21; 1938/21/3- ; acting Director 1938/11/21-12/3)

[1] No original holder of office.

- END -

Chronology

updated April 6, 2014.

1841
1/[n.d.]	The Convention of Chuenpee 穿鼻草約 (between Qing and UK) is negotiated (but never signed) as an attempt to end the First Opium War; no ratification will ever be made by either government
1/26	Under the Convention of Chuenpee Hong Kong is ceded to the UK; British authorities in China act unilateral on a treaty pending for ratification and landed at Possession Point; Hong Kong is taken by force.
1/[n.d.]	The Naval and military hospital establishes as the first hospital in Hong Kong; it closes forever after its meshed structure is destroyed by typhoon only 6 months after completion.
8/[n.d.]	Henry Holgate is appointed Acting Colonial Surgeon. [His appointment was, however, quickly disallowed after Charles Elliot, Administrator of Hong Kong and the man who made the appointment, was himself sacked by Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.]
1842
3/31	Hong Kong's first British rule government is a pre-colonial provisional government established and headed by Henry Pottinger, Plenipotentiary, Minister Extraordinary.
8/15	Pathologist [s.n.] Lunn performs Hong Kong's first autopsy; the subject is Chinese woman Nga Lok-po; the cause of death he determines is "visitation of God".
8/29	The Treaty of Nanking (between Qing and UK) ends the First Opium War; ratification and exchange will be completed in 9 months; Hong Kong formally ceded to Britain.
[n.d.]	Charles A. Winchester is appointed Hong Kong's first Assistant Surgeon in the provisional government; he is Hong Kong's first government doctor.
1843
4/5	A British Royal Charter, titled "Charter of the Colony of Hong Kong" of April 5, 1843 is issued, officially constitutes Hong Kong as a colony of the British Crown.
6/6	The Hospital of the Medical Missionary Society, established by the London Missionary Society, is Hong Kong's first missionary hospital.
6/7	HMS Minden is the first British Royal Naval ship to serve as a hospital ship in Hong Kong.
6/30	Two doctors are among the first 44 Justices of the Peace ever appointed in Hong Kong, they are Alexander Anderson (official) and Peter Young (non-official).
8/[n.d.]	The Hong Kong Seamen's Hospital, built with public subscriptions, is Hong Kong's first (non-missionary) private hospital.
10/1	Alexander Anderson is appointed Hong Kong's first Colonial Surgeon.
1844
[n.d.]	Francis Dill is appointed Colonial Surgeon (vice Alexander Anderson).
[n.d.]	D'Aguilar Hospital (a.k.a. Old British Military Hospital)
1845
[n.d.]	China Medico-Chirurgical Society is the first medical society established in Hong Kong; Alfred Tucker, Surgeon of HMS Minden, is elected its first president.
1846
10/[n.d.]	Francis Dill died from liver complication (or malarial fever); he is the first Colonial Surgeon to die in office.
10/[n.d.]	Peter F.H. Young is appointed Colonial Surgeon (vice Francis Dill).
12/[n.d.]	HMS Aligator arrives in Hong Kong to replace Minden as a medical ship and a store ship. [It was decommissioned sold in Hong Kong in October 1865.]
1847
[n.d.]	William Morrison is appointed Colonial Surgeon; he is the first London appointed CS.
1848
1849
[n.d.]	The Government Civil Hospital opens.
1850
1851
1852
1853
[n.d.]	William Morrison dies from an abscess of the liver (or of malarial fever).
[n.d.]	James Carroll Dempster is appointed Colonial Surgeon (vice William Morrison).
1854
1855
1856
1857
[n.d.]	William Aurelius Harland is appointed Colonial Surgeon (vice James Carroll Dempster).
1858
4/12	John Ivor Murray is appointed Colonial Surgeon (vice William Aurelius Harland, deceased).
[n.d.]	The Lock Hospital opens.
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1/[n.d.]	The Smallpox Hospital opens.
[n.d.]	The Sanatorium opens at the Peak area.
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
2/14	The Tung Wah Hospital opens.
1873
1/14	Robert McCoy is appointed Colonial Surgeon (vice John Ivor Murray); he dies after a few months due to illness contracted in Hong Kong.
11/4	Philip Bernard Chenery Ayres is appointed Colonial Surgeon (vice Robert McCoy). [Ayres was the last Colonial Surgeon; the office was reconstituted as Principal Civil Medical Officer after his retirement in 1897. There were seven Colonial Surgeons between 1843 and 1897; four died while holding office.]
[n.d.]	The Royal Naval Hospital opens.
1874
1875
[n.d.]	The Lunatic Asylum opens.
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
4/18	The Sanitary Board is established.
1884
4/5	The Medical Board is established.
1885
1886
1887
[n.d.]	The Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese (HKCMC) opens.
1888
1889
1890
11/15	The British Medical Association Hong Kong and China Branch (HKBMA) is established.
1891
1/14	HKBMA is recognized by the Council of the British Medical Association
1892
[n.d.]	HKCMC awards the Licentiate in Medicine and Surgery of Hong Kong (LMSH) degree to its first tow graduates: Sun Yat-sen 孫中山 and Kong Ying-wah 江英華.
1893
[n.d.]	Kwan King-leung 關景良, HKCMC's third LMSH, is appointed surgeon at the Nethersole Hospital. He is the first locally trained doctor to practice in Hong Kong.
1910
[n.d.]	British Military Hospital (a.k.a. Bowen Road Hospital) 山頂陸軍醫院 opens
1910
9/2	The Midwives Board is established,
1912
3/11	The University of Hong Kong (HKU) opens. HKCMC merges into HKU.
1914
8/1	The Dental Board is established.
1915
[n.d.]	The National Association of China 中華醫學會, Hong Kong Branch is established
[n.d.]	HKCMC granted its last LMSH to Alfred Stanley Tuxford.
1920
[n.d.]	The Hong Kong Chinese Medical Association 中華醫學會 is established.
1940
[n.d.]	The Hong Kong Nurses and Midwives Association 香港護士及助產士會 is established.
1964
[n.d.]	The nurse members of the Hong Kong Nurses and Midwives Association splits from the association and forms a new society named Nurse Associates.
1969
[n.d.]	The Hong Kong Nurses and Midwives Association is renamed Hong Kong Midwives Association.
aa	bb
aa	bb

- TO BE COMPLETED -

Medical Institutions

updated April 7, 2014.

Listed according to the date of establishment.

Councils and Assembles

Permanent Panels
Sanitary Board	1883/4/18-1936	to make sanitary by-laws and to consider other matters relating to public health and sanitation; replaced by Urban Council
Medical Board	1884/4/5-	to consider applications for the registration of medical or surgical practitioners
Board of Examiners - Sanitary Council, Hong Kong Branch	1903-	to conduct examinations of sanitary officers
Midwives Board	1910/9/2-	to conduct examinations and consider applications for the registration of midwives
Dental Board	1914/8/1-	to consider applications for the registration od dental practitioners
Medical Advisory Board to the Governor
Nursing Board	1931-	to conduct examinations and consider applications for the registration of nurses
Tung Wah Hospitals Medical Committee	1938/12/6-	to act as the executive authority in all matters relating to the medical administration of the hospitals[1]
Ad Hoc Committees
Nutrition Research Committee	1939/1/9-	to inquire into the question of nutrition in Hong Kong[2]

[1] The members (inaugural) were: ex-officio: Peter Selwyn Selwyn-Clarke (Chairman), Visiting Medical Officer of Chinese Hospitals and Dispensaries, Medical Superintendent of Tung Wah Hospital, Medical Superintendent of Kwong Wah Hospital, Medical Superintendent of Tung Wah East Hospital; Governor appointees: Li Shu-fan 李樹芬, Lee Iu-cheung 李耀祥 (industrialist, Chairman of the Board of Directors, Tung Wah Hospitals), Lam Ming-fan 林銘勳 (co-founder of Kowloon Motor Bus), Chow Yat-kwong 周日光 (son of Shouson Chow 周壽臣).

[2] The members were: Peter Selwyn Selwyn-Clarke (Chairman), Geoffrey Alton Craig Herklots, Li Tsoo-yiu 李祖佑, Nicol Campbell Macleod, Lindsay Tasman Ride, Tseung Fat-im 蔣法賢, Kenneth Harrison Uttley, Paul Biddulph Wilkinson; non-medical members: Alasdair Duncan Atholl MacGregor (Chief Justice), Frank H. Loseby (lawyer and author), Fred Flippance (Superintendent of the Botanical and Forestry Department),

Societies

British Medical Association Hong Kong and China Branch	1890/11/15	recognized by Council of The British Medical Association 1891/1/14
National Medical Association (of China) 中華醫學會, Hong Kong Branch	1915-
Hong Kong Chinese Medical Association 中華醫學會	1920-
Hong Kong Nurses and Midwives Association 香港護士及助產士會	1940-1964	nurse members split from the Association and formed a new society named Nurse Associates in 1964; renamed Hong Kong Midwives Association 1969

Schools

Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese	1887-1912	admitted a total of 128 students; granted 51 LMSH, first: 1892 Sun Yat-sen 孫中山; Kong Ying-wah 江英華, last: 1915 Alfred Stanley Tuxford
University of Hong Kong	1912-present

Military Hospitals

Naval and Military Hospital	1841/1- 1841/7	destroyed by typhoon
HMS Minden	1843/6/7- 1844/6/	first hospital ship; RN's military stationary ship for the China and India Station 1844/6; store ship 1848/12/20; sold for scrapping 1861/8
D'Aguilar Hospital (a.k.a. Old British Military Hospital)	1844-
HMS Aligator	1846/12-	to relieve HMS Minden; simultaneously served as a store ship; sold in Hong Kong 1865/10
The Sanatorium	1863-ca.1865
Royal Naval Hospital	1873-1941
British Military Hospital (a.k.a. Bowen Road Hospital) 山頂陸軍醫院	1907-1967
Royal Naval Sanatorium
Combined Military Hospital

Government Hospitals

Government Civil Hospital 政府公立醫院 (皇家醫館, 國家醫院)	ca.1849-1937/6/30
Lock Hospital 性病醫院	1858-1937/6/7
Smallpox Hospital	1871-1873
Lunatic Asylum	1875-1885
Hygeia 病人躉船"懈齋亞" (aka 海之家)	1891	Hospital Hulk
Victoria Hospital for Women and Children	1897-1947
Kennedy Town Glass Works Hospital	1894-
Kowloon Hospital 九龍醫院	1925-present
Victoria Mental Hospital 精神病醫院	1928-
Shing Mun Hospital	1933-1937/4/30
Haw Par Hospital (St. John's Hospital), Cheung Chau 聖約翰醫院 (長洲醫院)	1934-present
Kam Tin Hospital (St. John's Hospital)	ca.1936-
Queen Mary Hospital 瑪麗醫院	1937/4/13-present
Lai Chi Kok Hospital 荔枝角醫院	1937-2004
Sai Ying Pun Infectious Diseases Hospital 西營盤醫院	1938-	converted from the former Tung Wah Smallpox Hospital 東華痘局
Hong Kong Prison Hospital at Stanley
Female Prison Hospital, Lai Chi Kok
Tai Po Maternity Ward

Private Hospitals

Hospital of the Medical Missionary Society 傳道會醫院	1843-ca.1853
Hong Kong Seamen's Hospital	1843-1873
Victoria Hospital	ca.1843-
St. Francis Hospital	1852-
Tung Wah Hospital 東華醫院	1872/2-present	became a government hospital 1991
Alice Memorial Hospital 雅麗氏利濟醫院	1887/02/17-present	Alice Memorial (together with its affiliate hospitals), the Nethersole and Ho Liu Ling Hospitals were amalgamated to become Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital 雅麗氏何妙齡那打素醫院 1954. The new hospital became a government hospital 1991.
The Peak Hospital	1889-1932
Nethersole Hospital 那打素醫院	1893/09/05-present
St. Paul's Hospital (a.k.a. French Hospital) 法國嬰堂醫院	1898-present
Tung Wah Smallpox Hospital 東華痘局	1902-1938	herbal treatment; converted to become the Government Infectious Diseases Hospital
Alice Memorial Maternity Hospital	1904/6/7-	grouped under Alice Memorial and Affiliated Hospitals
Ho Miu Ling Hospital 何妙齡醫院	1906-present
Matilda Hospital 瑪鐵達醫院 (later 明德醫院)	1907-present
Majima Hospital 馬島病院	1908-1941/12	founded and owned by Majima Keinosuke 馬島珪之助
Kwong Wah Hospital 廣華醫院	1911-present	became a government hospital 1991
Pok Oi Hospital 博愛醫院	1919-present
Tsan Yuk Maternity Hospital 贊育醫院	1922-present	became a government hospital 1934
Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital 養和醫院	1922-present
War Memorial Nursing Home	1922-
Canossian Hospital (a.k.a. Italian Hospital) 嘉諾撒醫院	1929-present
Tung Wah Eastern Hospital 東華東院	1929-present	became a government hospital 1991
Tsun Wan Hospital	1933-
Babington Hospital and Sanatorium 惠德頤養院	1934-1957
Sisters of the Precious Blood Hospital 寶血醫院	1937-present
St. Teresa's Hospital 聖德肋撒醫院	1940-present
Tai Wo Hospital (a.k.a. Tai Wo Yuen) 太和醫院 (太和園)	1941-1956
Kam Wah Sanatorium 錦華療養院	-1968
Chinese Eastern Maternity Hospital

Recommended reading: Hong Kong's First: Hospitals in the Nineteenth Century.

Private Practices (Partnerships)

updated November 23, 2013

These were private practices operated under commercial principles, with two or more doctors working in the practice. The list is not exhaustive.

Drs. Adams and Jordan 1885-1908+
Name partners: William Stanley Adams (founder); Gregory Paul Jordan
Other doctors: John Bell 1888; James Herbert Swan 1898; Charles Forsyth 1904?
Addresses: Pedder Street 1885-89; Princes' Building 1907; Alexander Building 1908

Drs. Poate and Noble 1887-1916+ (dentists)
Name partners: Herbert Poate (founder); Joseph Whitlesey Noble
Other doctors:
Addresses:

Drs. Muller and Justi 1903-1914
Name partners: Oskar Muller; Carol Justi
Other doctors: Karl Hoch 1907; Theodore van Wesel 1912
Addresses: #16 Queen's Road 1904-07; Hotel Mansions Building 1905 [1]

[1] Conflicting records.

Drs. Stedman, Rennie and Harston 1904-21+
Name partners: Frederic Osmund Stedman; Alexander Rennie; George Montagu Harston
Other doctors: David Hunter Ainslie 1905-21, deceased;
Addresses: Alexandra Building 1904-05+; Union Building 1921.

Drs. Fitzwilliams and Allan 1910-1915
Name partners: Gerald Hall Lloyd Fitzwilliams; James Cyril Dalmahoy Allan
Other doctors:
Addresses: Alexandra Building 1921

Drs. Jordan, Forsyth, Grove & Aubrey 1921
Name partners: Gregory Paul Jordan (founder); Charles Forsyth; George Ernest Aubrey
Other doctors: James William Anderson 1924;
Addresses: Alexandra Building 1921

Drs. Dalmaboy Allan, Strahan and Thomas 1921-25
Name partners: James Cyril Dalmahoy Allan; Stuart Seguin Strahan; William Leslie Thomas
Other doctors: John Berchmans Bourke 1924
Addresses:

Drs. Allan and Straham 1925-EOP
Name partners: James Cyril Dalmahoy Allan; Stuart Seguin Strahan
Other doctors: Murdo Nicolson 1925-EOP
Addresses: Alexander Building 1941.

Drs. Harston, Black, Balean & Koch 1917
Name partners: George Montagu Harston; George Duncan Ralph Black; Herman Balean; Wilfred Vincent Miller Koch
Other doctors: Douglas Reginald Gawler 1924
Addresses:

Drs. Black, Balean, Skinn & Talbot 1930-EOP
Name partners: George Duncan Ralph Black; Herman Balean; Alfred John Skinn
Other doctors: Geoffrey Terrell Balean 1938;
Addresses: Union Building 1938-EOP